[Book]​

• Stanley, Amy., & Sommer, Matthew. H. (2012). Selling Women: Prostitution, Markets, and the Household in Early Modern Japan University of California Press.

• Tanaka, Yuko (2021). "遊郭と日本人" 講談社 

• Tsuji, Hirokazu (2012) 中世（遊女）-生業と身分　京都大学学術出版会  

[Book chapter]​

• Sakomura, Tomoko (2013). Japan: 1600-1750. History Of Design: Decorative Arts And Material Culture, 1400-2000. 165-173. Yale University Press 

• ​​Suzuki, Hideaki, & Yokoyama, Yuriko. (2016). The Yūjo Release Act as Emancipation of Slaves in Mid- 19th-century Japan. In Abolitions as a global experience. essay, NUS Press.

• Takagi, Madoka (2005). Social position of visitors to Yoshiwara: Focusing on Yūjo hyoban-ki as main historical materials.Jomin Bunka, 38, 154-180. 

• Takagi, Madoka (2018). Regulation of Visitors in the Yoshiwara Yukaku (Red Light District) : Focusing on the Relationship between the Yoshiwara and Authorities in the Edo Period. 成城文藝, 243, 1-26.

•  Yokoyama, Yuriko (2018). "江戸東京の明治維新”　第四章　遊郭の明治維新　岩波書店 ​

[Journal]

• Berry, Paul (2004). Rethinking "Shunga": The Interpretation of Sexual Imagery of the Edo Period. Archives of Asian Art, 54, 7-22.

• Ellis, James (2019), The Floating World of Ukiyo-e Prints: Images of a Japanese Counterculture. In: Journal of Social and Political Sciences, Vol.2, No.3, 701-718. 

• ​​Hibiya, Taketoshi (2009). Study on Brothels of the Late Edo Period through Depicted Courtesans and Yoshiwara saiken—a case study of Izumi-ya Heiza’emon at Edo-cho 1-chome. Ukiyo-e Art. 158. 45-67. 

• Suehisa, Mariko. & Mitsui, Hideki (2005) The Ornamental Designs of the Kosode Worn by Yūjo in the Genre Paintings of the Early Edo Period. The annual conference of JSSD, 52 

[Website]

•  Acar, Adam (2021, March 13). Are Geisha Courtesans? Oiran vs Geisha and Prostitute. Retrieved from https://mai-ko.com/travel/culture-in-japan/geisha/are-geisha-courtesans-geisha-vs-oiran-tayu/

• Kurihara, Juju (2020, Feburary 20). Yujo, Prostitutes were Fashion Icons in Edo Perido -Hairstyle-, Iromegane, Retrieved from http://www.iromegane.com/society/yujo-prostitutes-were-fashion-icons-in-edo-perido-hairstyle/ 

• Why are tattoos considered a taboo in Japan? (2018, November 19). IkedanNippon. Retrieved from https://press.ikidane-nippon.com/en/a00232/